New Therapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Review Article

 

Abstract

Introduction: SLE is a multisystem autoimmune disease that can exacerbate and remit. This disease attacks various organs such as the skin, kidneys, musculoskeletal, nervous, cardiovascular, and oral cavities. As many as 50-70% of SLE patients have kidney problems. Renal involvement is a major cause of high morbidity and mortality in this population. Clinically, renal disease in SLE begins with asymptomatic proteinuria which then progresses rapidly to progressive glomerulonephritis with renal failure. About 95% of SLE patients can show musculoskeletal manifestations. Arthralgia, joint deformities, temporomandibular joint abnormalities and avascular necrosis have been reported in SLE patients. Systemic lupus erythematosus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus / SLE) cannot be cured, but there is a series of active phases (flares) and the calm phase of the disease. The goals of available treatment are to reduce the severity of symptoms, prevent organ damage, and minimize their impact on the life of people with SLE. The type of drug and dose given to one lupus sufferer is not the same as other lupus sufferers and can change from time to time depending on the symptoms you feel and the severity of them. Therapy in lupus is very individualistic depending on the severity of the disease, the goal is to suppress disease activity by weighing the risk of side effects. In life-threatening patients, therapy is carried out as aggressively as possible by administering very high doses of the drug and carried out in a hospital. New therapy is needed in lupus patients so that life expectancy increases, and complications can be avoided.

Discussion: In recent years, the treatment of LES nephritis has been based on several years of high doses of immunosuppressants and NSAIDs in mild cases. Immunosuppressants used can be metotrexan, corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin A, azatiophrine and mycophenolate mofetil. This kind of approach is usually used in severe cases such as lupus nephritis by using several drug combinations. Another therapy for LES is by changing the lifestyle (lifestyle) by maintaining health with exercise, diet and vitamins and avoiding predisposing factors such as sunlight. However, current LES therapy prevents the patient’s condition from recurring (flare) or worsening and complications occur, it is hoped that in the future LES therapy can improve the general condition of the patient so that the patient can recover easily due to LES.

Conclusion: A new therapy for SLE patients is needed for increasing quality life and maintenance health. Further research is needed in the new therapy of SLE to improve safety and health condition itself.

Keywords: SLE, autoimmune; therapy

Abbreviations: SLE: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; AAV: Adeno-Association Virus; EAE: Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis; APS: Antiphospholipid Syndrome

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Season's Greetings! And best wishes for the New Year

 

Wishing you and your loved ones a Blessed Christmas from our Interventions in Pediatric Dentistry Open Access Journal (IPDOAJ)! May the spirit of Christmas infuse your life and your family members with hope, positivity and joy.

Maternal and Neonatal Factors Associated with the Emergence of The First Temporary Tooth

 

Abstract

Introduction: The order and chronology of the temporary dental eruption is an expression of the child’s growth and influences its subsequent dental development and is subject to influences of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that can cause an advance or delay in the appearance of one or more teeth or throughout the dentition.

Objective: to determine the influence of maternal and neonatal factors associated with the emergence of the first temporary tooth.

Material and Method: A descriptive observational study was designed in 104 children of both sexes between 0 and 36 months of age, belonging to the Ana Betancourt polyclinic of the Playa Municipality, Havana, Cuba. The study period ranged from September 2019 to March 2020. The variables were studied: age, sex, alterations in pregnancy, and birth weight. The results were presented in statistical tables with absolute and relative frequencies.

Results: Children with low birth weight had a delay in the eruption of the first temporary tooth in 36.8%, as did the children of mothers with alterations during pregnancy in 52%. Conclusion: Delay in the eruption of primary teeth was observed in children with low birth weight and the children of mothers who presented alterations during pregnancy.

Keywords: Temporary dentition; birth weight; eruption; tooth eruption

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Application of Propolis in Pediatric Dentistry

 

Abstract

Background: Propolis is a resinous substance derived from bees. It has been used for various medicinal purpose due to its beneficial properties, including anti-fungal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immune modulatory effects. In dentistry, propolis has wide applications for the prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases, as a storage medium for avulsed tooth, and in endodontics,  and periodontics.

Objective: To highlight the applications of propolis in pediatric dentistry.

Discussion: The applications of propolis is explored in various faculties of dentistry, including preventive dentistry, traumatology, periodontology, endodontics, and orthodontics.

Conclusion: Although most research published are vitro studies or animal studies, as we might face limitations while replicating these to human trials. Pediatric age group due to their developing immunity are more prone to diseases and are susceptible to adverse effects of commercially available drugs. Propolis being a natural alternative is easily accessible, safe with  reduced adverse effects.  In future, propolis may find a definitive role  in dentistry; however, further clinical trials are necessary to study the beneficial effects of each component.

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