Surgical Management of Massive Dentigerous Cyst in Mixed Dention- A Case Report

 

Abstract

A dentigerous cyst is an odontogenic cyst thought to be of developmental origin associated with the crown of an unerupted tooth. Such cysts remain initially completely asymptomatic unless when infected. It is detected clinically when becomes large and associated with swelling of the face. The purpose of this case report was to describe the diagnosis and management of a dentigerous cyst in an 8-year-old boy. The chosen treatment was cyst enucleation and tooth extraction.

Keywords: Dentigerous cyst; enucleation; Mixed dentition

Abbreviation: DC: Dentigerous Cyst

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Management of a Dentigerous Cyst in a 6-Year-Old Child – A Case Report

 

Abstract

Dentigerous cysts are epithelial in origin and most common odontogenic cysts. They are usually asymptomatic and hence diagnosed on radiological examination. The standard treatment for these cysts is enucleation and extraction of the affected teeth. This is a case report of a 6-year-old female patient with dentigerous cyst associated with a primary molar. The cyst was enucleated and unerupted premolars were removed from the lower left region. The patient was given a fixed functional band and loop postsurgical treatment. No recurrence was observed after 6months follow up.

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Oral Streptococci and Other Oral Commensals in Children

 

Abstract

Oral Streptococci are important commensal flora of children and also play a role in development of many diseases of the mouth cavity and extra-oral diseases. They belong to many genera and species. It is important to know about commensal oral bacteria and their interplay with other bacteria. In this article the author has tried to give brief information about these bacteria and their functions and ill effects while being present in the mouth.

Keywords: Oral microbiota; Streptococci; caries

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Pinch of Prevention in Pounds of Troubles: Utilization of Preventive Oral Health Care Services by High-Risk Children and Other Target Groups Amidst Covid- 19 Milieu

 

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19 global pandemic caused suspension of routine and preventive dental treatment whilst prioritizing emergency care. Preventive oral health care services contribute to oral health improvements among high-risk children and pregnant women. We, therefore, aim to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on utilization of preventive oral health care services targeted for high-risk groups provided by a premier tertiary care public dental hospital in Sri Lanka.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study on performance statistics of the Preventive Oral Health Unit of National Dental Hospital (Teaching) Sri Lanka was conducted for the periods from 1st January to 30th November 2020, pertaining to pre-COVID- 19 period (baseline), 1st Wave of COVID-19, transition period and on-going second wave. Comparisons were done on mean numbers of selected preventive treatment episodes performed and risk groups attended using independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Walli’s test. Relative contributions of emergency visits for total visits were assessed for the given period. Data were entered and analysed by using SPSS-21 statistical package.
Results: Significant declines was evident in preventive dental care episodes provided for high-risk toddlers and pregnant mothers during the first and on-going second waves of COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID- 19 and transition periods(p<0.05). In contrast, substantial increases detected in relative contribution of emergency visits for total number of visits among children for symptomatic dento-alveloar infections during two waves of COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID- 19 and transition periods.
Conclusions: COVID-19 has negatively impacted on preventive oral health care service utilization by high-risk groups, whilst raising the proportion of emergency visits due to aggravated dental diseases. Providing preventive care becomes essential to reduce the burden of aggravated late sequel of dental caries among high risk children. Novel models of preventive oral health care services for high-risk low socio-economic groups could be a way-forward in COVID-19 milieu.

Keywords: Preventive Oral Health Care; high risk groups; low socio-economic groups; COVID-19; emergency visits; Sri Lanka

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Can Genetics Play A Role in Children’s Tooth Decay?

 

Abstract

Many people still get decay despite regular care of their teeth. Studies over the years have shown genetics has been very influential in the health of teeth. Some people think that genetics only affects the materials of the teeth, while genetics also affects the amount of sugar consumed. Studies have shown that many people are genetically more likely to consume sugars, and their metabolism is adjusted to consume these sugars. Microorganisms are another factor that can cause tooth decay. Our immune system determines what microorganisms are naturally present in our mouths. The immune system is based on genetics, so genetics can affect tooth decay through the immune system and the presence of bacteria. Although the role of genetic factors in the development of dental caries is well established, the role of environmental factors should not be underestimated. That’s why in this article we will talk about the role of both genetics and environmental factors in tooth decay.

Keywords: Genetic; tooth decay; sugar consumption; metabolism; microorganism; immune system

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Qualitative Study of Parental Preferences in Difficult Child Behavior Scenarios

 

Abstract

In pediatric dentistry, parents often face challenging scenarios and are required to consider multiple factors in making treatment decisions for their child. When a child is cooperative and the dentist can provide a durable, esthetic restoration, parents’ choice of treatment is relatively simple.

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Periodontal Disease in Mother and Consequences for both Mother and Baby

 

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a type of bacterial infectious disease that causes bone destruction and supportive fibers of periodontal tissues. It seems the prevalence of this disease is more common in adults and would increase during pregnancy. Researchers believe hormonal changes are the main factors of developing this disease. Inflammation or infection of the gums increases the risk of low birth weight and preterm birth. If the problem is left untreated, mothers who would experience severe oral infections and gingival bleeding during the pregnancy would be at a greater risk for preterm birth.

Keywords:Periodontal disease; pregnancy; hormonal changes; Inflammation and infection; gingival bleeding; preterm birth; low birth weight

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A Study on the Coronavirus-19 Response of Implant Patients and Dental Workers

 

Abstract

Objective: The Dental clinic studies Infection control and Differences in Hygiene Management in Dental Manager to provide data based on safe Dental clinic by enhancing the Prevention of Infectious Diseases in Immigration and Dental Manager.

Methods: The study was conducted in January 2021 by 30 implant patients and 30 permanent workers who were receiving post-implant care in the G city area. The Implant patient’s coronavirus–19 prevention questionnaire includes age, gender, scaling after implant implantation, 1mm Loss of Limbic bone, wearing a mask, body temperature measurement, and disinfectant. Fourteen questions for Dental workers under management include scaling after implantation, Dental cartilage Loss 1MM, Dental hygiene age, mask repetition, indoor ventilation, disinfectant hand washing, paper towel use, medical gloves, gloves disposal, kf94 mask, mask disposal, eye protection, and disposal.

Results: In a simple regression analysis, the independent variable that significantly affects the wearing of kf94 masks at a significant Level of .05 is the age of Dental hygiene (t=-2.259, p=).It was significantly shown as 033). However, wearing a mask repeatedly (t=-).626, p=.537), Ventilation(t=-1.697, p=.102.), Wash hands with disinfectant (t=).264, p=.There is no significant difference in 794.

Conclusion: The new study is very significant, and we conducted a new perspective to check closely with Dental managers to see if there is thorough prevention of infectious diseases in order to prevent cross-infection from implant patients to Dental managers in COVID-19 situations

Keywords:Inverted mesiodens; palatal impaction; supernumerary

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Surgical Management of Impacted Inverted Mesiodens With cyst Excision

 

Abstract

Impacted tooth is most frequently diagnosed during the routine dental check-up, commonly associated teeth are third molars, but impacted inverted mesiodens are considered to be one of the infrequent findings in dentistry. Here with, a rare case is reported which is suspected of inverted mesiodens describing its surgical intervention along with cyst removal which was detected in radiographic examination and also showing importance of radiograph in diagnosis of infrequent cases in dentistry.

Keywords:Inverted mesiodens; palatal impaction; supernumerary

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Periodontal Diseases in Children

 

Abstract

Periodontal disease in children is a condition in which there are destruction and resorption of the supporting bone of the teeth, which has three types: local, diffuse, and pre-pubertal. The local type of severe bone resorption is symmetrically and bilaterally in the deciduous dental arch, which is not accompanied by inflammation of the gingival tissue and plaque. The causative agents are hereditary blood disorders along with bacterial agents. In the diffuse type, which occurs mostly in puberty and progressively, symptoms such as gingivitis, plaque, and calculus are evident. Treatment for these two conditions is surgery with the use of Tetracycline and sometimes Metronidazole. Local bone resorption is mainly the cause of systemic diseases such as blood disorders, leukemia, diabetes, and inherited Syndromic diseases. Gingival recession can be caused by chronic inflammation due to poor hygiene, the presence of orthodontic stimuli and movements, and oral habits. Sometimes gingival resorption is caused by self-harm for psychological reasons that the child damages the gingival tissues. The third category is the pre-pubertal type, which occurs at the age of 4 during or after the growth of mammary glands, which sometimes occurs early due to the severity of tooth decay. Treatment is early diagnosis, curettage, massage, and health education. Sometimes broad-spectrum antibiotics are necessary.

Keywords:Bone resorption; periodontal disease; gingivitis; poor oral; hygiene; inflammation; antibiotics

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Experiences of Mothers of Affected Children on Family Impact of Amelogenesis Imperfecta: Findings of A Qualitative Explorative Study From Sri Lanka

 

Abstract

Background: Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) denotes a heterogenous group of conditions characterized by inherited enamel defects among children which affect the structure and clinical appearance of the enamel of teeth of primary and permanent dentitions. Hence, it is well known that AI negatively impact on families and parents especially mothers and fathers as primary caregivers of affected children. However, little is known on the context in developing countries in this regard. Objective: To explore the experiences of mothers in Sri Lanka: a developing middle-income country on the family impact of having a child affected by Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI).

Study design: A qualitative, explorative study was conducted among mothers of children having confirmed diagnoses of AI attended the Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental Sciences; University of Peradeniya. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted among mothers of affected children prior to commencing treatment. The Family Impact Scale (FIS) of Locker 2002, was used for the interviewer guide. Thematic analysis was conducted to analyze the transcribed interviews.

Results: Participating mothers expressed their deep concern about having a child with AI in terms of disturbed parental/family activities, negative parental emotions and family conflict. Furthermore, mothers were much worried about quality present and future of life of their children.

Conclusions: Present findings supported the need for emotional support for mothers receiving treatment for AI. Moreover, suitability of the 4-dimensional- Family Impact Scale as a theoretical framework for family impact assessment of having children with AI in a developing country context was indicated by the findings. Explicit theoretical framework-based family impact assessment might enhance child and family- centered treatment outcomes in longstanding management of children with inherited developmental defects of teeth and craniofacial complex such as AI. Nevertheless, further research warranted to confirm the present findings.

Keywords: Amelogenesis Imperfecta; Family Impact; theoretical framework; Sri Lanka

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Self-Inflicted Oral Mucosal Injuries in Pediatric Patients: A Case Series

 

Abstract

Self-Injurious Behaviour (SIB) is a deliberate harm that may lead to factitial injuries in various parts of the body including the oral mucosa. It may present with a confusing clinical appearance leading to misdiagnosis as a variety of oral diseases [1]. A case series is presented here outlining 2 cases of self-induced oral mucosal injury, which presented initially with extensive oral ulcers. These cases were investigated to rule out systemic or local causes, in order to establish an accurate diagnosis. A multidisciplinary approach to treating these conditions, which may be associated with several medical conditions, is necessary, necessitating the engagement of patients, parents and medical and dental teams [2].

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Necrotizing Fasciitis in Children Clinical Characteristics, Diagnostic Procedures, Treatment Methods, and the Outcome

 

Abstract

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis is a potentially life-threatening soft tissue infection, characterized by necrosis of the fascia, subcutaneous tissue, adipose tissue and can be fatal. NF is most common in immunocompromised hosts but may also occur in healthy patients without apparent antecedent injury. It is usually caused by either Group A streptococci or a polymicrobial, synergistic infection. The case that we present is unique in the Republic of Armenia, necrotizing fasciitis of the face in a child.

Methods: We report the case of a 3,5-year-old children who were treated for NF in our unit, inclusive, were reviewed retrospectively. Information recorded included medical history, clinical characteristics, diagnostic procedures, treatment methods, and the outcome.

Results: The essence of the treatment was to prevent further development of necrosis, taking the child out of the state of general intoxication, in connection with, early surgical debridement, anti-intoxication, antibacterial therapy were carried out in several stages. In result , auto transplantation by full thickness skin autograft has been done, maintaining the aesthetic appearance of the wound.

Conclusion: Because necrotizing fasciitis is a surgical emergency, the patient should be admitted immediately to a surgical intensive care unit, where the surgical staff is skilled in performing extensive debridement and reconstructive surgery. Despite the fact that it is rare in children, according to our data, it turned out that the reason for the penetration of microorganisms may be an incomplete injection. Clinicians should be aware of these infections, as early treatment can increase survival.

Keywords: Necrotizing fasciitis; debridement; children; soft-tissue infection

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Congenital Infections and Dental and Oral Involvement

 

Abstract

Many congenital bacterial, viral and parasitic infections can lead to dental and oral involvement. Studying them is important from clinical and epidemiology point of view. They can lead to myriad signs and symptoms. Hence they have to be detected, differentiated and managed early as far as possible. They can be prevented also by vaccination. We here have tried to collate available information in medical literature about these.

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Evaluation of Dentist’s Awareness About Less Aerosol Producing Procedures During Covid 19 Pandemic

 

Abstract

Aim: The aim of present study is to evaluate Dentist’s awareness about less aerosol practice during Covid 19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods: The study involved 600 dentists from all over India. A self-reported online questionnaire was developed to evaluate dentist’s awareness about less aerosol producing procedures .The collected data was tabulated for statistical analysis. The distribution of responses is presented with frequency and percentage.

Results: The results showed that most of the dentists are aware and are practicing less aerosol producing procedures. Conclusion: Most of the respondents recommend these less aerosol producing procedures should be continued in this pandemic scenario.

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Chewing Sugar-Free Gum and Slowing the Progression of Dental Caries in Children

 

Editorial

The results of epidemiological studies of industrialized countries in Europe and North America in recent decades show a rapid decline in tooth decay in children and youth of these countries [1-3]. On the other hand, based on clinical, experimental, and epidemiological research, there is a general agreement that the prevalence of dental caries in children and young people in developing countries is increasing significantly.

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Reliability of Construction of Gonial Angle in Mixed Indian Population: OPG or Lateral Cephalogram – A Pilot Study

 

Abstract

Aims: The aim of the present study is to compare the measurement of gonial angles and vertical ramal length (both right and left) from OPG with the gonial angle and vertical ramal length measured from lateral cephalograms in a mixed Indian Population with Class I, II & III malocclusion. Settings and Design: The retrospective cross‑sectional diagnostic study was conducted after obtaining due approval from the institutional ethical committee.

Methods and Material: Gonial angle and ramal length was measured from 57 OPG and lateral cephalogram of orthodontic patients (26 females and 31 males). The patients were a heterogeneous group comprising of individuals from pan India.

Statistical analysis used: The analyses of descriptive statistics, reliability, analysis of variance and correlation was conducted with SPSS 20.0, IBM. The means based on malocclusion classes were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by comparison of correlation values using Pearson correlation. Gender differences were also compared using T-test. Post Hoc analysis could not be carried out due no statistically significant difference found through ANOVA.

Results: There was no statistical difference in the measurements of gonial angle made from OPG as compared to the same measurements made from a lateral cephalogram.

Conclusions: In addition to the conventional method of measuring the gonial angle and ramal length, OPG may also be used for their accurate measurement.

Keywords: OPG; lateral cephalogram; gonial angle; ramal length

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The Relationship Between Chew and Cross Bite: Review

 

Abstract

Occlusion can be defined as the set of functional and dynamic relationships between the occlusal surfaces of the teeth and all structures of the stomatognathic system. To define malocclusion, Teixeira [1] report that it is the morpho functional deviation of the masticatory apparatus during dental occlusion. Rocabado et al.

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Viral Enanthems and Oral Mucosal Lesions in Viral Infections in Children and Adolescents

 

Abstract

Oral lesions , also sometimes called enanthems, can be seen in many viral infections. They are typical of some viral infections in most cases but can also be non-specific. Proper clinical suspicion and Laboratory tests can clinch the diagnosis of such infections.

Keywords:Enanthems; herpes; infectious mononucleosis; koplik’s spots

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New Therapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Review Article

 

Abstract

Introduction: SLE is a multisystem autoimmune disease that can exacerbate and remit. This disease attacks various organs such as the skin, kidneys, musculoskeletal, nervous, cardiovascular, and oral cavities. As many as 50-70% of SLE patients have kidney problems. Renal involvement is a major cause of high morbidity and mortality in this population. Clinically, renal disease in SLE begins with asymptomatic proteinuria which then progresses rapidly to progressive glomerulonephritis with renal failure. About 95% of SLE patients can show musculoskeletal manifestations. Arthralgia, joint deformities, temporomandibular joint abnormalities and avascular necrosis have been reported in SLE patients. Systemic lupus erythematosus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus / SLE) cannot be cured, but there is a series of active phases (flares) and the calm phase of the disease. The goals of available treatment are to reduce the severity of symptoms, prevent organ damage, and minimize their impact on the life of people with SLE. The type of drug and dose given to one lupus sufferer is not the same as other lupus sufferers and can change from time to time depending on the symptoms you feel and the severity of them. Therapy in lupus is very individualistic depending on the severity of the disease, the goal is to suppress disease activity by weighing the risk of side effects. In life-threatening patients, therapy is carried out as aggressively as possible by administering very high doses of the drug and carried out in a hospital. New therapy is needed in lupus patients so that life expectancy increases, and complications can be avoided.

Discussion: In recent years, the treatment of LES nephritis has been based on several years of high doses of immunosuppressants and NSAIDs in mild cases. Immunosuppressants used can be metotrexan, corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin A, azatiophrine and mycophenolate mofetil. This kind of approach is usually used in severe cases such as lupus nephritis by using several drug combinations. Another therapy for LES is by changing the lifestyle (lifestyle) by maintaining health with exercise, diet and vitamins and avoiding predisposing factors such as sunlight. However, current LES therapy prevents the patient’s condition from recurring (flare) or worsening and complications occur, it is hoped that in the future LES therapy can improve the general condition of the patient so that the patient can recover easily due to LES.

Conclusion: A new therapy for SLE patients is needed for increasing quality life and maintenance health. Further research is needed in the new therapy of SLE to improve safety and health condition itself.

Keywords: SLE, autoimmune; therapy

Abbreviations: SLE: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; AAV: Adeno-Association Virus; EAE: Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis; APS: Antiphospholipid Syndrome

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