Lupine Publishers | Journal of Dental and oral health journals impact factor
Short Communication
Perhaps the question that many pediatric dentists may have
is whether a group of bacteria play an important role in the
development of dental caries in children. The results of the new
research that was carried out at Umea University in Sweden, can
answer this question. Researchers at Umea University discovered a
new issue in relation to cariogenic different types of
Streptococcus
Mutans bacteria. They also investigated the adhesion performance
of bacteria on children teeth with common caries and increased
risk of dental caries. The results of the study, published in the
EBio
Medicine Journal, could lead to the development of a better way
to identify high-risk patients and treat their caries. Dental
caries
is one of the diseases of the lifestyle, often due to poor oral and
dental health and nutritional habits, which results in decreasing
the
level of acidic pH in the mouth [1-3]. The more likely we will see
the development of dental caries if the teeth are exposed to a low
salivary pH in a long period of time [4]. Low PH levels have a
harmful
effect on enamel; increases the growth of acid-producing bacteria,
such as Streptococcus Mutans [5-8]. In this five-year study, the
saliva of a large number of children was analyzed, and dental
health
care of these children was supervised. The researchers proved that
high-risk children have more invasive types of cariogenic bacteria,
and the adherence of these bacteria makes them more aggressive
and more susceptible to survival. However, the results of this
study
showed that in some high-risk children at high risk of rot, there
are
certain types of highly invasive bacteria, S Mutans, which can
cause
caries irrespective of lifestyle. These invasive strains have
unique
sticky proteins called SpaP and Cnm, which increase the ability of
the bacteria to survive in the antibacterial saliva of the mouth.
One out of five Swedish children has such a dangerous strain
and is at high risk for dental caries. These children do not
respond
to traditional caries prevention or treatment, and their lifestyle
variables cannot predict the risk of caries [8]. Chronic dental
caries
and loose teeth are also risk factors for systemic diseases, such
as
cardiovascular disease [9,10]. Overall, 70% of tooth loss is due to
tooth decay [11,12]. This article explains how up to half of the
highrisk children are threatened by highly invasive types of S. Mutans.
These species can also increase the risk of cardiovascular disease
and other systemic diseases in the future. Highly aggressive types
also differ in terms of adhesion performance. Through biochemical
studies, researchers discovered the association between the
binding of SpaP and Cnm proteins and their adherence to saliva and
DMBT1 protein in saliva [8]. They also showed that higher binding
ability has led to an increase in dental caries over a five-year study
period. In the end, to conclude this article, Dr. Stromberg believes
other high-risk children have a genetic defect in their salivary
receptors for bacteria, and the damaged genes may include the
same genes that are involved in autoimmune diseases. But it is still
important to emphasize that caries is affected by oral and dental
health habits in many low to moderate risk people [8]. On the other
hand, from new information on the identified types of bacteria, and
their manner to start tooth decay, it can be used to improve dental
care. Furthermore, the presence of these bacteria can be applied
as biological markers for the early detection of high-risk patients.
Moreover, their adhesion performance also can be considered as
new targets for treatments [8].
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