Lupine Publishers | Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
Introduction
Third molars are often removed in order to prevent complications and various other problems associated with impacted third molars and their removal. Abortion of mandibular third molars is a procedure carried out at an early age in those subjects where there is insufficient room for the eruption of the third molars. On the other hand, one can also decide to remove the second molars and to annex ate orthodontically the third molars in the arch.
Decision Making
The best time to perform a Germectomy is during one of the three stages of tooth development. The orthodontist will create a treatment strategy that will determine when the surgical phase should commence. While the need may no doubt exist, a global agreement exists on the fact that lower molars should be considered only one between several factors able to cause malocclusion. Thus, the germectomy of the third molars has to be performed only in carefully selected patients after a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation of the single case[1-4].It is also important to note that dental age and bone age to not always correspond with chronological age. In some children calcification of the tooth bud occurs early, while in other children it may be delayed[5-8].
Stage 1: 7-11 years old – Start of tooth bud calcification.
Stage 2: 12-15 years old –Crown mineralization is complete.
Stage3: 14-18 years old –Root formation partially complete.
This period is the most favorable for germectomy because the crypt’s bony cover is partially resorbed, and the crown is still in a submucosal position. While the tooth is retained inside its follicular membrane, there is no risk of infection. When extraction is called for, it is also preferable to operate before the crown has erupted. Doing so avoids peri coronal bacteria.
Surgical Protocol
Figure 1: X ray pre op.
A full-thickness triangular flap is reflected ted with a horizontal incision at the base of the papillae between the sixth and seventh and a distal discharge incision with a vestibular pattern(Figures 1-4).Then we proceed with the osteotomy that can be performed with rotating instruments mounted on a straight handpiece or with a piezoelectric terminal with the dedicated(Figures 5 & 6). Tooth bud sectioning helps reduce the extent of bone removal required and is conduct- ed when the opening is too narrow for total eruption. The crown is secured with the sharp end of a fine elevator at a stage when the roots are not yet formed. The section is carried out from the outside to the inside using aspindle-shaped bur, starting from the previously exposed buccal portion.This section is always incomplete because it must not\reach the lingual wall of the bone crypt. The tooth is then fractured by using a straight elevator along the incision and the fragments are removed using suction cannula or curved hemostatic forceps.The alveolar cavity is cleaned with saline irrigation and filled with collagen sponge and the (4/0) sutures is performed(Figures 7-13).
Figure 2: Initial clinical situation.
Figure 3: Flap’s shape design
Figure 4: Fullthickness flap reflection.
Figure 5: Bone ostectomy with piezosurgery insert.
Figure 6: Follicle exposure.
Figure 7: Crown section with burs.
Figure 8: The use of S shape Luxator.
Figure 9: Extraction using forceps.
Figure 10: Residual crown removal.
Figure 11: Post -extractive socket.
Figure 12: Filled the cavity with sponge collagene.
Figure 13: Interrupted sutures (4_0).
Conclusions
Germectomy, or early third molar ex- traction, is generally indicated when inf lammation, edema, and pain are exhibited in the young adult patient. The clinician notes by both physical observation and panoramic X-ray that the space restriction will inhibit complete tooth emergence with normal dental and periodontal characteristics [2]. At this early stage of eruption, extraction is some- times associated with complications, chiefly from infection. Also, the surgical procedure may prove challenging. This is due to the nature of the complete root formation and root morphology relative to the mandibular canal. The periodontal environment may also be compromised by the resorption of the alveolar wall of its distal root. Thus, extracting before these challenges arise is the preferred option [9-10].
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